{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-103651", "assignerOrgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "CIRCL", "dateReserved": "2026-10-01T07:34:00.794Z", "datePublished": "2026-10-01T07:34:02.597Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T15:32:08.372Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"affected": [{"cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "modules": ["app/Controller/UsersController.php"], "product": "MISP", "programFiles": ["app/Controller/UsersController.php"], "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP", "vendor": "MISP", "versions": [{"lessThan": "2.5.48", "status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}]}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "type": "reporter", "value": "Tanguy Snoeck of NCIA"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "remediation developer", "value": "iglocska"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "remediation developer", "value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"}], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>MISP contains a vulnerability in its one-time password (OTP) authentication flow that allows replay of a consumed HOTP (paper) token and rewinding of the token counter.</p><p>The HOTP verification logic compared the submitted token against a counter value that was cached in the user's session at the time the password was entered, rather than against the authoritative counter stored in the database. Because the session-cached counter is not updated after a token is successfully consumed, an attacker who holds a valid session (password already submitted) can reuse a previously burned HOTP token. The stale cached counter still matches the replayed token, granting a second successful authentication and effectively rewinding the counter state.</p><p>Preconditions:</p><p>- The target user has HOTP (paper token) second-factor authentication enabled.</p><p>- The attacker possesses a valid session in which the password step has already been completed (the OTP step is pending).</p><p>- The attacker has access to at least one HOTP token value (e.g., a paper token list).</p><p>Security impact:</p><p>- Bypass of the second authentication factor, allowing unauthorized access to a user's MISP account.</p><p>- Corruption of the HOTP counter state, potentially invalidating subsequent legitimate tokens or enabling further replays.</p><p>Affected versions: &lt;2.5.48.</p>"}], "value": "MISP contains a vulnerability in its one-time password (OTP) authentication flow that allows replay of a consumed HOTP (paper) token and rewinding of the token counter.\n\nThe HOTP verification logic compared the submitted token against a counter value that was cached in the user's session at the time the password was entered, rather than against the authoritative counter stored in the database. 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{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-103651", "assignerOrgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "CIRCL", "dateReserved": "2026-10-01T07:34:00.794Z", "datePublished": "2026-10-01T07:34:02.597Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T15:32:08.372Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"affected": [{"cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "modules": ["app/Controller/UsersController.php"], "product": "MISP", "programFiles": ["app/Controller/UsersController.php"], "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP", "vendor": "MISP", "versions": [{"lessThan": "2.5.48", "status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}]}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "type": "reporter", "value": "Tanguy Snoeck of NCIA"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "remediation developer", "value": "iglocska"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "remediation developer", "value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"}], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>MISP contains a vulnerability in its one-time password (OTP) authentication flow that allows replay of a consumed HOTP (paper) token and rewinding of the token counter.</p><p>The HOTP verification logic compared the submitted token against a counter value that was cached in the user's session at the time the password was entered, rather than against the authoritative counter stored in the database. Because the session-cached counter is not updated after a token is successfully consumed, an attacker who holds a valid session (password already submitted) can reuse a previously burned HOTP token. The stale cached counter still matches the replayed token, granting a second successful authentication and effectively rewinding the counter state.</p><p>Preconditions:</p><p>- The target user has HOTP (paper token) second-factor authentication enabled.</p><p>- The attacker possesses a valid session in which the password step has already been completed (the OTP step is pending).</p><p>- The attacker has access to at least one HOTP token value (e.g., a paper token list).</p><p>Security impact:</p><p>- Bypass of the second authentication factor, allowing unauthorized access to a user's MISP account.</p><p>- Corruption of the HOTP counter state, potentially invalidating subsequent legitimate tokens or enabling further replays.</p><p>Affected versions: &lt;2.5.48.</p>"}], "value": "MISP contains a vulnerability in its one-time password (OTP) authentication flow that allows replay of a consumed HOTP (paper) token and rewinding of the token counter.\n\nThe HOTP verification logic compared the submitted token against a counter value that was cached in the user's session at the time the password was entered, rather than against the authoritative counter stored in the database. 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The stale cached counter still matches the replayed token, granting a second successful authentication and effectively rewinding the counter state.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- The target user has HOTP (paper token) second-factor authentication enabled.\n\n- The attacker possesses a valid session in which the password step has already been completed (the OTP step is pending).\n\n- The attacker has access to at least one HOTP token value (e.g., a paper token list).\n\nSecurity impact:\n\n- Bypass of the second authentication factor, allowing unauthorized access to a user's MISP account.\n\n- Corruption of the HOTP counter state, potentially invalidating subsequent legitimate tokens or enabling further replays.\n\nAffected versions: <2.5.48."}], "impacts": [{"capecId": "CAPEC-111", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CAPEC-111 Race Condition"}]}], "metrics": [{"cvssV4_0": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "baseScore": 7.6, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}]}, {"format": "SSVC", "other": {"content": {"options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "role": "Supplier", "timestamp": "2026-10-01T07:22:27Z", "version": "2.0.3"}, "type": "SSVC"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}]}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-362", "description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition)", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE"}]}, {"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-287", "description": "CWE-287 Improper Authentication", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8", "shortName": "CIRCL", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T07:34:02.597Z"}, "references": [{"name": "Security patch", "tags": ["patch"], "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7"}], "solutions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>The fix replaces the session-cached HOTP counter lookup with a direct read of the authoritative counter from the database, performed under a Redis-based distributed lock scoped to the user. 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Additionally, the cached OTP user session entry is deleted immediately after a successful login (for both TOTP and HOTP paths), preventing the stale session state from being reused."}], "title": "MISP HOTP Token Replay via Stale Session-Cached Counter Allows Second-Factor Authentication Bypass", "x_gcve": [{"extensions": {"bcp-05-x-01": {"ai_annotations": [{"ai_level": "generated", "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. 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This method acquires a Redis SETNX lock (misp:otp:hotp_lock:{userId}, 10 s TTL), re-fetches the user's totp secret and hotp_counter from the database, verifies the submitted OTP against the stored counter, increments and saves the counter, and releases the lock in a finally block. The otp_user session key is now deleted after both TOTP and HOTP successful login paths. Net change: +36 / -5 lines in app/Controller/UsersController.php.", "patchTruncated": false, "patches": [{"commit": "f34aee2c74e111fffd07e8ddde8e4843ccf998db", "date": "Wed, 23 Sep 2026 16:20:38 +0200", "patchSha256": "9ec05e4a3d95b183604c7e89e3fbb93950ac4d23dfe478809b868b6dfe85bad6", "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7.patch", "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7.patch", "subject": "fix: [security] Burn paper OTP tokens against the stored"}], "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7.patch", "ssvc": {"options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "role": "Supplier", "timestamp": "2026-10-01T07:22:27Z", "version": "2.0.3"}, "subject": "fix: [security] Burn paper OTP tokens against the stored", "tagVersionBoundary": {"commits_after_fix": 41, "repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP", "tag": "v2.5.48", "version": "2.5.48", "version_type": "semver"}, "weaknessRationale": [{"cweId": "CWE-362", "rationale": "The HOTP counter is shared mutable state accessed without synchronization. The session-cached copy becomes stale relative to the database copy, and no lock is held during read-verify-increment, allowing a concurrent or replayed request to operate on the old value."}, {"cweId": "CWE-287", "rationale": "The OTP verification logic accepts a token that has already been consumed because it compares against a stale cached counter rather than the authoritative stored counter, effectively weakening the second-factor authentication check."}]}}, "bcp-05-x-03": {"x_timeline": {"events": [{"description": "Corrective change authored (f34aee2c74e111fffd07e8ddde8e4843ccf998db): fix: [security] Burn paper OTP tokens against the stored", "id": "evt-fix-developed-1", "references": ["https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7.patch"], "timestamp": "2026-09-23T14:20:38Z", "type": "fix-developed"}]}}}, "recordType": "advisory", "vulnId": "GCVE-1-2026-20307"}]}, "adp": [{"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2026-103651", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-01T15:31:56.170497Z"}}}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T15:32:04.475Z"}}]}}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "modules": ["app/Controller/UsersController.php"], "product": "MISP", "programFiles": ["app/Controller/UsersController.php"], "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP", "vendor": "MISP", "versions": [{"lessThan": "2.5.48", "status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}]}], "source": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "MISP contains a vulnerability in its one-time password (OTP) authentication flow that allows replay of a consumed HOTP (paper) token and rewinding of the token counter.\n\nThe HOTP verification logic compared the submitted token against a counter value that was cached in the user's session at the time the password was entered, rather than against the authoritative counter stored in the database. Because the session-cached counter is not updated after a token is successfully consumed, an attacker who holds a valid session (password already submitted) can reuse a previously burned HOTP token. The stale cached counter still matches the replayed token, granting a second successful authentication and effectively rewinding the counter state.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- The target user has HOTP (paper token) second-factor authentication enabled.\n\n- The attacker possesses a valid session in which the password step has already been completed (the OTP step is pending).\n\n- The attacker has access to at least one HOTP token value (e.g., a paper token list).\n\nSecurity impact:\n\n- Bypass of the second authentication factor, allowing unauthorized access to a user's MISP account.\n\n- Corruption of the HOTP counter state, potentially invalidating subsequent legitimate tokens or enabling further replays.\n\nAffected versions: <2.5.48."}], "id": "CVE-2026-103651", "lastModified": "2026-10-01T16:17:37.313", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV40": [{"cvssData": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "baseScore": 7.6, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "source": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8", "ssvcData": {"options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "Supplier", "timestamp": "2026-10-01T07:22:27Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}, {"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-103651", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-01T15:31:56.170497Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-10-01T08:16:51.020", "references": [{"source": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8", "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7"}], "sourceIdentifier": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8", "vulnStatus": "Deferred", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-287"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-362"}], "source": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,2.5.48)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 95.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 95.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "MISP", "source": "cna", "vendor": "MISP"}, "product": "misp", "vendor": "misp"}], "created": "2026-10-01T10:15:06.439376+00:00", "updated": "2026-10-01T17:00:12.177995+00:00", "vendors": ["misp", "misp$PRODUCT$misp"]}